From 23 May 1992-28 July 1993, in just over a year, Cosa Nostra began to develop a strategy: a systematic attack to express what is the rule in Sicily (first) and throughout the national territory (later).
The Mafia was not new to crimes of this kind, directed at public figures like politicians and judges. New, however, was the symbolism of these horrendous acts: do not hit more ad personam, to punish or to "educate" is struck, however, the strong points of the opponent to establish a record on it. A classic show of force likely to overwhelm the enemy and impress the context of struggle. The action became clamorous
the end, the bombs the means to pursue it.
January 30, 1992: ended the first maxi trial against Cosa Nostra, the Supreme Court confirms life sentences against several of the most influential mafia bosses of the time.
May 23, 1992: a hundred pounds of TNT placed on the Trapani-Palermo, at the junction Capaci, were used to assassinate the judge Giovanni Falcone, his wife Francesca Morvillo , the escort Vito Schifani , Rocco di Cillo, Antonio Montinaro . Twenty-four wounded total.
July 19, 1992: Palermo, via D'Amelio. The deputy prosecutor Paolo Borsellino was visiting his mother. Struck him a violent explosion when he was about to come out of his armored car. With him perished the escort Emanuela Loi, Agostino Catalano, Vincenzo Li Muli , Walter Eddie Cusina , Claudio Traina.
reactions of civil society were in shock and killing: Cosa Nostra had achieved its result.
<< You can not do anything. The Mafia has given the coup de grace. The new slaughter was done to break the morale spontaneous uprising of the people after the killing of Falcone . They also wanted to clear the historical memory of the pool, his wealth of knowledge and moral tension ... There are too many Pharisees, Palermo, too many friends the last hour. I had an opportunity to see them two months ago at the funeral of Falcone ... >> [Saverio Lodato, Twenty-five years of Mafia, page 300, BUR]. These are the words of Anthony Caponnetto, head of education in Palermo until the mid-eighties.
Everything seemed to go as before: the inept continued to occupy their places, the collusion as well, and mobsters begin to feed the certainty that they would not have had serious problems by the State. But something unexpected happened, someone miscalculated.
<< I dare say that the State has finally woken up. It seems a miracle. Abroad do not believe their eyes. His presence is noticed even in Corleone, that is to say. Have felt that presence in the inner provinces of Sicily, in Caltanissetta, nell'agrigentino. But it was not the divided operation Sicilian Vespers (thousands of soldiers were sent to the island to "regain control of territory", the operation lasted from 25 July 1992 8 July 1998 ndemack) to change the look. [...] It was felt that a uniform missed.
[...]
E 'was the entire Italian public opinion really afraid to put the State. The people came up to the threshold of the control room. [...] Finally everyone could see. All have seen then that among the immense power of Cosa Nostra and the proverbial weakness of the authorities was a symbiotic relationship. Everyone saw that not only weapons, and only crimes, massacres and the sun had been in the mafia. Everyone saw who it was, that face was, as expressed Totò Riina >> [Saverio Lodato, Twenty-five years of Mafia, pages 326-327, BUR]. The
awareness. This was what missing Italians. To the gates of the eighties there existed the following formula: "The Mafia does not exist." Up to the confessions of Tommaso Buscetta and training in the pool of anti-mafia magistrates, had never seen a programmatic persecution of men of Cosa Nostra. And, with the sacrifice of Falcone and Borsellino, almost all were trying to ignore a crucial question for all of Sicily and Italy. It was a rude awakening.
mechanisms broke down.
December 24, 1992: Arrested Bruno Contrada, number 3 SISDE and former head of the squad in Palermo. The charge was criminal association.
January 15, 1993: captured Toto Riina, head of the Cosa Nostra and Corleonesi, instigator of the massacres of 1992 and hundreds of other crimes.
March 27, 1993: Giulio Andreotti accused for Mafia collusion.
8-10 May 1993: John Paul II's visit in Sicily became a huge warning against the Mafia. "Repent!" The call to the boss.
There were some reactions.
May 14, 1993: Via Faure, in Rome, he heard a loud explosion. 18 wounded. The attack was aimed Maurizio Costanzo, considered too interested in the affairs of the clan.
May 27, 1993 : via Georgofili, Florence. A Fiat Fiorino explosion, killing Nencioni Catherine (she was a baby, ndemack), Nadia Nencioni (a girl, ndemack), Angela River, Fabrizio Nencioni , Dario Capolicchio . wounds 48 people. Knocked down the Tower of Fleas, seriously damaged the Uffizi Gallery.
July 27, 1993: Via Palestro, Milan. The explosion of a Fiat Punto gutted the Pavilion of Contemporary Art, bringing its tribute of mangled bodies: Driss Moussafir , Picerno Stefano, Carlo La Catena, Sergio Pasotto , Alessandro Ferrari. 12 wounded.
July 28, 1993: Two car bombs, a few minutes between them and the one in Milan, blown up in the square S. John in Lateran and at the Church of San Giorgio in Velabro. Several injured .
The season ended with blood 10 dead and 106 wounded : the price of a confrontation with the State , << hit some of his most important artistic expressions, cultural and religious >> [Pierluigi Vigna, Slaughter, 1997].
To date, it remains unclear whether the organization operates on its own or supported by "hidden powers" (intelligence, international mafias, terrorist groups, politicians). The fact is, however, that despite the reprisals of 1993 sanctioned the inexorable decline of the old Cosa Nostra, now struck at the heart twice (and subsequent investigations by the maxi trial in the murder of Falcone and Borsellino). In the years following the first step to the more formidable the 'Ndrangheta.
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